Mastering the GRE Argument Essay: Strategies for Success
The GRE Analytical Writing section assesses your ability to think critically and communicate your ideas clearly. The Argument essay task requires you to analyze a given argument, identify its flaws, and explain how it could be strengthened. This module will equip you with the strategies to dissect arguments, construct compelling critiques, and write a high-scoring essay.
Understanding the Argument Essay Task
The GRE Argument essay presents a short passage that makes a claim or draws a conclusion based on certain evidence. Your job is not to agree or disagree with the argument, but to evaluate its logical soundness. You need to identify assumptions, logical fallacies, and missing evidence that weaken the argument. Think of yourself as a detective, uncovering the weaknesses in the presented case.
Deconstructing the Argument: Key Elements to Analyze
When you read the argument, look for these critical components:
| Element | What to Look For | Example Question |
|---|---|---|
| Conclusion | The main point the author is trying to prove. | What is the author ultimately trying to convince the reader of? |
| Evidence/Premises | The facts, statistics, examples, or reasons provided to support the conclusion. | What information is offered as proof for the conclusion? |
| Assumptions | Unstated beliefs or ideas that the author takes for granted. These are often the weakest links. | What must the author believe to be true for the argument to hold? |
| Logical Fallacies | Errors in reasoning that undermine the argument's validity (e.g., hasty generalization, false cause, appeal to authority). | Are there any flawed patterns of reasoning in the argument? |
Strategies for Writing a Strong Argument Essay
A well-structured argument essay typically follows a clear pattern. Here's a breakdown of effective strategies:
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Here's a more detailed look at each step:
Common Logical Fallacies to Watch For
Recognizing common fallacies is crucial for dissecting arguments effectively. Here are a few you'll frequently encounter:
Hasty Generalization: Drawing a broad conclusion from insufficient evidence. (e.g., 'I met two rude people from City X, so everyone in City X must be rude.')
False Cause (Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc): Assuming that because one event followed another, the first event caused the second. (e.g., 'The new mayor took office, and crime rates dropped. Therefore, the new mayor caused the crime rate drop.')
Appeal to Authority: Citing an authority figure whose expertise is not relevant to the argument. (e.g., 'My favorite actor endorses this diet pill, so it must be effective.')
False Analogy: Assuming that because two things are alike in one respect, they must be alike in all respects. (e.g., 'Just as a sword is a weapon, a pen is also a weapon.')
Begging the Question (Circular Reasoning): The argument's conclusion is already assumed in the premises. (e.g., 'The Bible is true because it is the word of God, and we know God exists because the Bible says so.')
Practice Makes Perfect: Tips for Improvement
Consistent practice is key to mastering the Argument essay. Here are some tips to enhance your preparation:
Visualizing the structure of a critique can be helpful. Imagine the argument as a building. Your task is to identify weak foundations (assumptions), cracks in the walls (fallacies), or missing structural supports (evidence). You then explain how to reinforce these weak points to make the building (argument) stronger. This involves a systematic process of deconstruction and reconstruction of the logical framework.
Text-based content
Library pages focus on text content
- Timed Practice: Simulate exam conditions by writing essays within the 30-minute time limit.
- Analyze Sample Essays: Read high-scoring sample essays to understand what graders look for in terms of structure, analysis, and language.
- Focus on Specific Flaws: When practicing, consciously try to identify and articulate different types of assumptions and fallacies.
- Develop a Vocabulary of Critique: Use precise language to describe logical errors and weaknesses (e.g., 'unwarranted assumption,' 'insufficient evidence,' 'flawed analogy').
- Seek Feedback: If possible, have someone else read your essays and provide constructive criticism.
Key Takeaways
The GRE Argument essay is a test of your analytical and critical thinking skills. By understanding the task, identifying common flaws, and practicing a structured approach, you can significantly improve your performance. Remember to focus on the logic of the argument, not your personal opinions, and always suggest how the argument could be strengthened.
Learning Resources
This blog post from Kaplan provides a comprehensive overview of the GRE Argument essay, including tips for analysis and writing.
The official GRE website from ETS offers a detailed explanation of the Argument essay task, including sample prompts and scoring guidelines.
Manhattan Prep offers a strategic approach to tackling the Argument essay, focusing on identifying assumptions and structuring your response.
This guide from The Princeton Review breaks down the Argument essay, offering tips on analysis, common fallacies, and essay structure.
This resource provides sample Argument essays along with analysis of their strengths and weaknesses, offering valuable insights for improvement.
Magoosh provides a step-by-step guide to writing the GRE Argument essay, including common pitfalls and strategies for success.
This article outlines a five-step process for writing a high-scoring GRE Argument essay, emphasizing clarity and logical progression.
This post specifically focuses on the critical skill of identifying assumptions, a key component of analyzing the GRE Argument essay.
Access official GRE Argument essay prompts directly from ETS to practice with authentic materials.
This resource from Manhattan Prep details common logical fallacies found in GRE Argument essays, helping you identify and critique them.