India's foreign policy and economic growth are significantly influenced by the policies and political landscapes of both developed and developing nations. This module explores how these external factors shape India's national interests, from trade and investment to security and social justice.

Developed countries, with their advanced economies and technological prowess, often present India with opportunities for trade, investment, and technological collaboration. However, their policies can also pose challenges, such as protectionist measures, stringent environmental regulations, or geopolitical alignments that may not always align with India's strategic objectives.

Developing countries, often sharing similar developmental challenges and aspirations with India, offer unique avenues for cooperation. These partnerships can be crucial for South-South cooperation, fostering economic growth, and addressing common global issues.

India's foreign policy must be agile enough to navigate the complex interplay of policies from both developed and developing countries. This involves strategic diplomacy, economic diversification, and building robust partnerships.

Developed countries are often at the forefront of setting global climate change agendas. Their policies, such as carbon taxes, emissions trading schemes, and renewable energy mandates, can significantly affect India's energy sector, manufacturing, and trade. India must balance its development needs with global climate commitments, often seeking financial and technological support from developed nations.

In global health, developing countries, including India, often collaborate on issues like vaccine development, disease surveillance, and access to medicines. Policies and political will in these nations are crucial for the success of global health security and equitable distribution of healthcare resources.