This module delves into the structure, functions, and significance of India's Parliament and State Legislatures. Understanding these institutions is crucial for grasping the essence of India's parliamentary democracy, its law-making processes, and the mechanisms of governance at both the national and sub-national levels. We will explore their constitutional basis, composition, powers, and the intricate relationship they share with the executive.

The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body, responsible for making laws for the entire country. It is bicameral, consisting of two houses: the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States). This bicameral structure ensures a balance of representation and deliberation in the law-making process.

Parliament's primary function is law-making. However, its powers extend to several other critical areas:

Similar to the Union, most states in India have their own legislatures, which are responsible for making laws within their respective states. These legislatures can be unicameral or bicameral, depending on the state's decision.

State Legislatures are vested with powers to legislate on matters enumerated in the State List and the Concurrent List of the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution. Their key functions include:

While both Parliament and State Legislatures are vital democratic institutions, they operate within distinct spheres of authority, defined by the Constitution. Understanding these differences is key to comprehending India's federal structure.

Parliament and State Legislatures are not merely law-making bodies; they are crucial platforms for public discourse, representation, and the pursuit of social justice. They provide avenues for citizens to voice their concerns, debate policy, and hold the government accountable. The legislative process, though often complex, is designed to reflect the diverse needs and aspirations of the Indian populace, making these institutions the bedrock of India's democratic governance.