Deflation hollows are formed by the process of deflation, where wind lifts and carries away loose sand, silt, and dust. This process is most effective when the ground surface is dry, unprotected by vegetation, and composed of fine, easily dislodged particles. The size of these hollows can vary from a few meters to several kilometers in diameter and depth. They often have a concave shape, with the windward side being gentler and the leeward side steeper.

Ventifacts are formed through aeolian abrasion, where wind-blown sand particles strike and erode exposed rock surfaces. The shape of a ventifact depends on the direction and consistency of the wind, the type of rock, and the duration of exposure. Common forms include dreikanter (rocks with three or more facets) and yardangs (elongated, streamlined ridges carved by wind erosion, often found in groups).

Mushroom rocks are a striking example of differential erosion by wind. The base of the rock is subjected to more intense abrasion by saltating sand particles, which are closer to the ground. The upper portion, being further from the ground, experiences less abrasion. Over time, this leads to an enlarged base and a narrowed neck, giving the rock a mushroom-like appearance. They are often found in desert environments where strong winds and abundant sand are present.

Yardangs are formed by deflation and abrasion, where wind selectively erodes softer material, leaving behind harder, more resistant rock. The characteristic streamlined shape is a result of the wind's ability to flow around the obstacle, creating zones of turbulence and erosion. Yardangs can vary in size from a few meters to several kilometers in length and are common in desert regions with strong, persistent winds and exposed bedrock or sediment layers.

Barchans are one of the most recognizable dune types. They form when wind blows from a single direction across a flat, sandy surface. The wind scoops up sand from the windward side, carrying it over the crest and depositing it on the leeward side, forming a steep slip face. The horns of the crescent are formed by the wind flowing around the edges of the dune, where sand is transported more slowly, causing the crest to be lower and the horns to point downwind. Barchans migrate forward as sand is continuously moved from the windward to the leeward side.

Parabolic dunes form when deflation occurs in a vegetated area. The wind erodes the sand between the vegetation, creating a U-shape. The vegetation in the arms of the 'U' stabilizes the sand, preventing it from being eroded, while the open, central part of the dune is exposed to deflation. The wind then transports the eroded sand to the crest of the dune, which advances downwind. The arms of parabolic dunes often extend upwind of the main body of the dune.

Transverse dunes form in areas with a plentiful supply of sand and a consistent wind direction. The wind moves sand up the gentle windward slope and deposits it on the steeper leeward slip face. As this process continues, the dune grows and migrates downwind. They are often found in large fields, forming extensive dune systems where the crests are perpendicular to the wind.

Seifs are characterized by their elongated shape, running parallel to the dominant wind. They are believed to form in areas with bidirectional winds or complex wind patterns. One theory suggests that they develop from transverse dunes that are modified by secondary winds blowing at an angle to the primary wind. This secondary wind erodes the crests of the transverse dunes, elongating them parallel to its own direction. They are often found in large, extensive fields.

Loess deposits are formed from fine dust particles picked up by strong winds, often from glacial outwash plains or arid regions, and transported over long distances. When the wind velocity decreases, these fine particles settle out and accumulate on the land surface. Loess deposits are known for their fertility and are often associated with productive agricultural soils. They can form thick, extensive blankets that smooth out the underlying topography, creating gently rolling landscapes with characteristic vertical cleavage, which allows for the formation of steep, stable bluffs and gullies.