The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC), flourishing from approximately 2600 to 1900 BCE, stands as a testament to sophisticated urban planning and societal organization. Its cities, like Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, exhibit remarkable foresight in their design, offering valuable lessons that resonate even in contemporary urban development.

The hallmark of IVC cities was their grid-like street layout, with roads intersecting at right angles. This systematic approach facilitated efficient movement and zoning. The cities were typically divided into a citadel (higher mound) and a lower town, suggesting a degree of social stratification and strategic planning for defense and administration.

The IVC people utilized standardized fired bricks for construction, a remarkable feat of engineering that ensured durability and uniformity. The consistent size of these bricks facilitated efficient building processes and contributed to the structural integrity of their cities. Residential buildings were often multi-storied, with courtyards and rooms arranged around them.

The principles evident in IVC cities—grid layouts for efficient circulation, integrated sanitation systems for public health, and the use of standardized materials for durability—are foundational to contemporary urban design. Modern cities strive for similar goals: efficient infrastructure, sustainable waste management, and well-organized living spaces. The IVC's foresight in these areas offers a historical perspective on the enduring challenges and solutions in creating livable urban environments.

Studying the IVC's urban planning provides a unique lens through which to appreciate the long history of human attempts to create organized and functional living spaces. It underscores that many of the challenges faced by modern urban planners have historical precedents, and the solutions developed by ancient civilizations can still offer inspiration.